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Simple Present Tense

Struktur dan penggunaan

Report Text

Struktur dan contoh

Part of Speech

Jenis-jenis kata

Asking/Giving Help

Ekspresi bantuan

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Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta umum, atau kejadian yang terjadi secara rutin.

Struktur Simple Present Tense
Positif (+)
Subject + to be (am/is/are) + Complement

Contoh:

  • I amto be untuk I a student.
  • She isto be untuk he/she/it beautiful.
  • They areto be untuk you/we/they happy.
Negatif (-)
Subject + to be + not + Complement

Contoh:

  • I am not a student.
  • She is not beautiful.
  • They are not happy.
Interogatif (?)
To be + Subject + Complement?

Contoh:

  • Amto be untuk I I a student?
  • Isto be untuk he/she/it she beautiful?
  • Areto be untuk you/we/they they happy?
Positif (+)
Subject + Verb 1 (s/es untuk he/she/it) + Object

Contoh:

  • I playVerb 1 tanpa s/es tennis twice a week.
  • She washesVerb 1 + es untuk kata kerja berakhiran sh/ch/x/o/ss her hands.
  • He studiesVerb 1 + ies untuk kata kerja berakhiran y (vokal+y) English.
Negatif (-)
Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + Object

Contoh:

  • I do notdo not untuk I/you/we/they play tennis twice a week.
  • She does notdoes not untuk he/she/it wash her hands.
Interogatif (?)
Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?

Contoh:

  • DoDo untuk I/you/we/they I play tennis twice a week?
  • DoesDoes untuk he/she/it she wash her hands?
Time Expressions

Time expressions yang sering digunakan dengan Simple Present Tense:

  • Every (day, week, month, year, weekend, Monday, etc.)
  • Once / twice / three times a week / month / year
  • Monthly
  • In the evenings / mornings / afternoons
  • On Sundays / Mondays, Fridays, etc.
Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency menunjukkan seberapa sering suatu kegiatan dilakukan:

  • Always (100%)
  • Almost always (90%)
  • Usually (80%)
  • Generally (80%)
  • Normally (80%)
  • Very often (70%)
  • Often / frequently (60%)
  • Sometimes (50%)
  • Occasionally (30%)
  • Rarely / Seldom (10%)
  • Hardly / Hardly ever (5%)
  • Never (0%)

Posisi adverbs of frequency:

  • Sebelum verb utama: I always wake up early.
  • Setelah to be: She is never late.
Contoh Penggunaan Simple Present Tense

Pekalongan is one of the centers of economic growth in Central Java. The city is locatedPassive voice dalam Simple Present on the Pantura line. It connectsVerb 1 untuk subject 'it' Jakarta-Semarang-Surabaya route. Pekalongan consistsVerb 1 + s untuk subject 'Pekalongan' of four sub-districts. They are West Pekalongan, North Pekalongan, East Pekalongan, and South Pekalongan. It hasVerb 1 + s untuk subject 'it' several traditions in Pekalongan which are not foundPassive voice negatif dalam Simple Present in other areas, for example, syawalan, sedekah bumi, and so on.

Latihan Soal

Complete the blank space with the appropriate predicate in the bracket.

Pekalongan is one of the centers of economic growth in Central Java. The city 1 ........ (be) located on the Pantura line. It 2. .......... (connect) Jakarta-Semarang-Surabaya route. Pekalongan 3 ................(consist) of four sub-districts. They are West Pekalongan, North Pekalongan, East Pekalongan, and South Pekalongan. It 4. ...... (have) several traditions in Pekalongan which 5. ....... (be/not) found in other areas, for example, syawalan, sedekah bumi, and so on.

Report Text

Report text adalah jenis teks yang memiliki fungsi sosial untuk menggambarkan cara sesuatu bekerja, dengan merujuk pada berbagai fenomena alam, buatan manusia, dan sosial di lingkungan kita.

Pengertian Report Text

Report text adalah teks yang menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya. Ini adalah hasil dari observasi dan analisis sistematis.

Social Function: Untuk menggambarkan cara sesuatu bekerja atau menyajikan informasi faktual tentang suatu topik.

Text Organization:

  1. General Classification: Pernyataan umum tentang topik yang dibahas
  2. Description: Deskripsi rinci tentang topik tersebut
Ciri-Ciri Report Text
  • Menggunakan Simple Present Tense karena menyajikan fakta yang umumnya benar
  • Menggunakan technical terms atau istilah teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik
  • Menggunakan general nouns seperti 'birds' bukan 'my bird'
  • Menggunakan relating verbs seperti 'is', 'are', 'has', 'have'
  • Menggunakan action verbs seperti 'run', 'fly', 'grow'
  • Fokus pada kelas/kategori bukan individu tertentu
Struktur Report Text

General Classification adalah bagian pembuka yang memberikan gambaran umum tentang topik yang akan dibahas. Bagian ini biasanya berisi:

  • Pengenalan topik secara umum
  • Definisi atau klasifikasi dari topik tersebut
  • Informasi dasar yang relevan dengan topik

Contoh: "Hospital is a place where people are treated for illness or injury. It is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment."

Description adalah bagian utama yang memberikan detail informasi tentang topik. Bagian ini biasanya berisi:

  • Deskripsi fisik (bentuk, ukuran, warna, dll)
  • Deskripsi fungsi atau kegunaan
  • Deskripsi bagian-bagian atau komponen
  • Deskripsi perilaku atau karakteristik
  • Informasi lain yang relevan dengan topik

Contoh: "In general hospitals, there are two separated entrances and many parts of rooms to treat people dealing with their health. One of them is for patients in need of immediate treatment. It is the emergency entrance. The other entrance is the main entrance of the hospital..."

Contoh Lengkap Report Text
General Classification:

Hospital is a place where people are treated for illness or injury. It is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. A hospital is not only for patient care but also provide long term patient stays.

Description:

In general hospitals, there are two separated entrances and many parts of rooms to treat people dealing with their health. One of them is for patients in need of immediate treatment. It is the emergency entrance. The other entrance is the main entrance of the hospital. In the main entrance, we can see a receptionist area, waiting room, and also an office. All the rooms look clean, neat, and comfortable.

In modern hospitals, there are two separated entrances and many parts of rooms to treat people dealing with their health. One of these is for patients in need of immediate treatment. It is the emergency entrance. The other entrance is the main entrance of the hospital. On the ground floor inside the main entrance there are probably a reception area and waiting room, and also an office. On this floor may also be the laundry and the kitchen. On the floor above and below are numerous other departments, for examples: a maternity section for mothers and their babies, rooms of patients, operating rooms, and special rooms such a radiography room, laboratories, pharmacy, and blood bank.

Analisis Teks:
Elemen Contoh dari Teks
General Classification "Hospital is a place where people are treated for illness or injury..."
Description "In general hospitals, there are two separated entrances and many parts of rooms..."
Simple Present Tense "is", "are", "provide", "look", "can see"
Technical Terms "emergency entrance", "receptionist area", "maternity section", "radiography room"

Part of Speech

Part of Speech atau Word Classes adalah kategori kata berdasarkan fungsi masing-masing kata dalam sebuah kalimat. Ada 8 jenis Part of Speech dalam Bahasa Inggris, namun kita akan fokus pada 4 jenis utama.

Nouns (Kata Benda)

Noun adalah kata yang menjelaskan tentang:

  • a person (man, girl, engineer, friend)
  • a thing (horse, wall, flower, country)
  • an idea, quality, or state (anger, courage, life, luckiness)
Klasifikasi Nouns:

Common Nouns: Nama umum untuk orang, tempat, atau benda (tidak menggunakan huruf kapital)

  • teacher, city, river, mountain

Proper Nouns: Nama khusus untuk orang, tempat, atau benda (menggunakan huruf kapital)

  • Mr. Smith, Jakarta, Nile River, Mount Everest

Concrete Nouns: Nama benda yang dapat dilihat, disentuh, atau dirasakan oleh indera

  • table, book, music, perfume

Abstract Nouns: Nama konsep, ide, atau perasaan yang tidak dapat dilihat atau disentuh

  • love, happiness, freedom, justice
Verbs (Kata Kerja)

Verb adalah kata kerja yang menandai suatu aksi, tindakan, kejadian, keadaan atau kondisi. Verb adalah salah satu kata utama dalam sebuah kalimat atau pertanyaan.

Jenis-Jenis Verbs:

Physical Verbs: Kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi fisik

  • Let's run to the corner and back.
  • I hear the train coming.
  • Call me when you're finished with class.

Mental Verbs: Kata kerja yang menunjukkan aktivitas mental

  • I know the answer.
  • She recognized me from across the room.
  • Do you believe everything people tell you?

State of Being Verbs: Kata kerja yang menunjukkan keadaan atau kondisi

  • I am a student.
  • We are circus performers.
  • The door is open.
Transitive vs Intransitive Verbs:

Transitive Verbs: Kata kerja yang selalu diikuti oleh direct object

  • Richard annoys his boss so much that he'll never get a promotion.
  • Jenna brings Mrs. Smith lunch every day.

Intransitive Verbs: Kata kerja yang tidak diikuti oleh direct object

  • The train arrives at 5 PM.
  • She laughs loudly.
Adverbs (Kata Keterangan)

Adverb adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengubah atau menjelaskan pengertian suatu kata sifat, kata kerja, atau adverb lainnya. Adverb biasanya berfungsi untuk menjawab pertanyaan seperti:

  • When? She always arrives early.
  • How? He drives carefully.
  • Where? They go everywhere together.
  • In what way? She eats slowly.
  • To what extent? It is terribly hot.
Contoh Adverbs:
  • She was walking rapidly.
  • The kids love playing together in the sandbox.
  • Please come inside now.
  • His jokes are always very funny.
  • You don't really care, do you?
Pembentukan Adverbs:

Adverbs sering dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ly pada sebuah kata sifat:

  • quick → quickly
  • careful → carefully
  • beautiful → beautifully
Adjectives (Kata Sifat)

Adjective adalah kata yang menjelaskan atau memberikan gambaran untuk kata lain, seperti misalnya small, blue, dan sharp.

Contoh Adjectives dalam Kalimat:
  • Lisa is wearing a sleeveless shirt today.
  • She wore a beautiful dress.
  • He writes meaningless letters.
  • This shop is much nicer.
  • Ben is an adorable baby.
Adjectives sebagai Identitas:
  • I married an American woman.
  • The Jewish community in NY is very big.
  • Mary has a collection of expensive Russian dolls.
  • In the winter you must wear heavy woollen clothes.
  • The polar bear is listed as threatened.
Urutan Adjectives:

Ketika menggunakan lebih dari satu adjective, urutan yang benar adalah:

  1. Opinion (beautiful, ugly)
  2. Size (big, small)
  3. Age (old, new)
  4. Shape (round, square)
  5. Color (red, blue)
  6. Origin (Italian, Chinese)
  7. Material (wooden, metal)
  8. Purpose (sleeping bag)

Asking, Giving, and Refusing Help

Ekspresi untuk meminta, menawarkan, menolak, dan menerima bantuan dalam Bahasa Inggris, baik dalam situasi formal maupun informal.

Offering Help (Menawarkan Bantuan)
Formal Expressions:
  • "May I help you?" or "May I offer my assistance?"
  • "What can I do for you?" or "What can I do to help?"
  • "Would you like some help?" or "Could I help you?"
Informal Expressions:
  • "Can I help you?" or "Can I help?"
  • "Need a hand?" or "Do you need a hand?"
Accepting Help (Menerima Bantuan)
Formal Expressions:
  • "Thank you."
  • "Yes, please."
  • "Sure, thanks."
  • "I really appreciate your help."
  • "That's very kind of you."
  • "Thank you, that would be great."
Informal Expressions:
  • "Thanks!"
  • "Sure!"
  • "That would be awesome!"
  • "You're a lifesaver!"
Refusing Help (Menolak Bantuan)
Formal Expressions:
  • "No, thank you."
  • "I'm fine, thank you."
  • "It's okay, I can do it by myself."
  • "Thank you for offering, but I've got it."
  • "That's very kind of you, but I don't think it is necessary."
  • "Thanks, but I can handle it."
Informal Expressions:
  • "No thanks, I'm good."
  • "I've got this."
  • "Don't worry about it."
  • "I'm fine, really."
Asking for Help (Meminta Bantuan)
Formal Expressions:
  • "Could you please help me?"
  • "I was wondering if you could help me."
  • "Would you mind helping me with this?"
  • "I would appreciate your assistance."
Informal Expressions:
  • "Can you help me?"
  • "I need some help here."
  • "Could you give me a hand?"
  • "Help me out, will you?"
Contoh Dialog

A: Good morning, Mr. Smith. I notice you're carrying many boxes. Would you like some assistance?

B: Good morning. That's very kind of you, but I think I can manage.

A: Are you sure? It looks quite heavy.

B: Thank you for offering, but I've almost reached my office.

A: Alright. If you need any help, please let me know.

B: I appreciate that. Thank you.

A: Hey, you look like you're struggling with those groceries. Need a hand?

B: Oh, hi! Yeah, that would be great!

A: Can I help you carry some of these bags?

B: Sure, thanks! You're a lifesaver!

A: No problem. Where's your car?

B: Just over there. Thanks again for your help.

Latihan Praktis

Buat dialog singkat berdasarkan situasi berikut:

Situasi 1:

Anda melihat seorang lansia yang kesulitan menyeberang jalan. Tawarkan bantuan dengan ekspresi yang tepat.

Situasi 2:

Anda sedang membawa banyak barang di perpustakaan dan seseorang menawarkan bantuan. Terima atau tolak dengan sopan.